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4th November 14:35
External User
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Kashmir Valley
Its not a Hindu-Muslim conflict . Its a Muslim vs everyone
else including Muslims conflict as can be seen from Saudi , Israel ,
Iraq , Iran , Afghanistan, BD etc.
rediff.com
Years of violence
Francois Gautier
Do you know the real history of Kashmir? There is a great deal of
misconception among the people about the State: That Kashmir did not
always belong to India, or that it is a "disputed area". This is why
we recently at FACT (Forum Against Continuing Terrorism) chose to hold
an exhibition at the India Habitat Centre, which was a great success.
Here are some of the facts we highlighted through the photographic
exhibition.
For two thousand years, the Himalayan Valley of Kashmir in Northern
India has been the home of learning and wisdom. From this small Valley
have emanated masterpieces of history, poetry, romance, fable, and
philosophy. Many of the greatest Sanskrit scholars and poets were born
between 273 and 233 BC, and is recorded to have founded the old city
of Srinagar. It was under his sovereignty that many Buddhist scholars,
missionaries, and intellectuals permanently settled in the Valley.
Then there was the great Hindu King Harshavardhan (1089 to 1101 AD)
who was versed in many languages, was a good poet himself, a lover of
music and the arts. He had made his court a centre of luxury, learning
and splendour.
Unfortunately, at the beginning of 14th century, a ferocious Mongol
warlord, Dulucha, invaded the Valley from its northern side, Zojila
Pass, with an army of 60,000 men. His savage attack ended for all
purposes the Hindu rule in Kashmir, and Dulucha is said to have
destroyed many temples and killed thousands of Hindus. Muslim rule was
further tightened in 1389, during the rule of Sultan Sikandar. He
banned all celebrations and would not even listen to music. He imposed
jizia (tax on infidels) upon Hindus and stopped them from using tilak
on their foreheads. Almost all the Muslim chroniclers of that time
speak of wholesale destruction of Hindu shrines, including the famed
Martand Temple, and forcible conversion of Hindus to Islam. Thousands
of Hindus fled southwards to the plains of India to save their
religion and holy books, and also to escape the wrath of the Sultan.
Then, after a period of relative tolerance and peace, came the rule of
Afghans warlords till 1819 - roughly, a period of 67 years. The very
first Afghan governor Abdullah Khan Aquasi, immediately after assuming
powers, began his reign of terror. People were looted and killed
indiscriminately, and even soldiers began to amass wealth beyond
imagination. Fortunately, in 1819, 30,000 soldiers of Sikh Maharaja
Ranjit Singh attacked Kashmir, defeated the Pathans, and Kashmir
became a part of Ranjit Singh's empire for nearly 40 years, providing
some relief to Hindus in the process. However, the British defeated
the Sikhs and became the undisputed masters of India. Not interested
in Kashmir, they sold it in perpetuity for Rs 75 lakh (approximately
$150,000) to Maharaja Gulab Singh of the Dogra dynasty. (What
wonderful merchants, the British, who sell something which does not
even belong to them!)
By treaty, conquest, or inter-marriages, the Dogras created a state
comprising five major units, which are fundamentally very different
from each other in terms of geography and ethnicity and have further
complicated the problems of Kashmir: The territory around Gilgit
(today in Pakistan), which belongs basically to Central Asia; Ladakh,
which is an extension of Tibet and is peopled at 55 per cent by the
Buddhists and 45 per cent by Muslims; the area around Muzaffarabad,
which is today in Pakistan's control, comprises mostly Punjabi
Muslims; Jammu, which in essence belongs to Himachal Pradesh and is
Hindu in majority; and the Valley of Kashmir, of course, which was
Indian Muslim at 95 per cent in 1947.
India gained its independence in 1947 but was disastrously divided by
the British, against the advice of saints and seers such as Sri
Aurobindo, along religious lines into India and Pakistan. Although
many Muslims chose to stay back in India, knowing they would be
granted the freedom of practicing their own religion, most Hindus had
to flee Pakistan as they were being slaughtered mercilessly. Maharaja
Hari Singh of Kashmir decided to attach his state to free and secular
India. Furious, the Pakistan Government invaded Kashmir, and
encouraged the Muslim tribal people to carry loot, plunder, death and
destruction into the hearths and homes of innocent Kashmiris in
general and among Hindus in particular.
Since 1947, Pakistan, aided by China, which also claims parts of
Indian territory (well, Mr Vajpayee, you got led up the garden path by
the Chinese, like other prime ministers before you!), has initiated
three wars to regain Indian Kashmir, and four if you include the
Kargil war fought in the icy reaches of upper Kashmir. Worse, the
proxy war which Pakistan is today waging on India by arming, training
and financing not only Kashmiri separatists, but also Islamic
militants from Afghanistan, or even faraway Sudan, has taken the lives
of nearly 60,000 innocent people, both Hindus and Muslims.
It should be added that Pakistan decided in the late 1980s that it
would be easier to regain Kashmir if all its Hindus were pushed out by
a campaign of terror, both in the Valley, where they are a tiny
minority and in Jammu where they still have a thin majority. Thus
450,000 Kashmiri Pandits, constituting 99 per cent of the total
population of Hindus living in the Kashmir Valley, have been forcibly
pushed out of their homes by terrorists. Since 1989, they have been
forced to live like exiles in their own country.
People should also be reminded that terrorism in Kashmir is not about
separatism alone; it is also an ideological struggle with specific
fundamentalist and communal agenda. Terrorist violence aims at the
disengagement of the State of Jammu & Kashmir from India and its
annexation to Pakistan. It is a continuation of the Islamic
fundamentalist struggle.
Finally, I would like to thank all those who contributed to FACT and
helped make the exhibition on Kashmiri Pandits at the India Habitat
Centre a success. We are pursuing our efforts further. The exhibition
will now travel to Bangalore at the end of August. Thereafter, on
September 10, we have been invited to Poland for a conference, 'World
Without Aggression', which will take place in the main Warsaw Congress
Hall, which seats 3,000 people, in the presence of the President of
Poland and many VIPs.
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