jwissmille

National Library of Medicine

TITLE: Can protracted relapsing fever resemble Lyme disease?
AUTHORS: Lange WR; Schwan TG; Frame JDAUTHOR
AFFILIATION: Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205.
SOURCE: Med Hypotheses 1991 Jun;35(2):77-9
CITATION IDS: PMID: 1890979 UI: 91367158

ABSTRACT: We report the case of a Protestant missionary who contracted
tick-borne relapsing fever in 1979 while serving in the Sudan. Despite
tetracycline treatment, his acute illness ran a protracted course, with
migratory polyarthralgias lasting approximately 10 months. Symptoms recurred in
1984 and have persisted. At regular intervals, the patient has experienced
recurrent episodes of fever, generalized fatigue, bilateral upper and lower
extremity muscle weakness, and asymetric large joint polyarthralgia. Indirect
fluorescent antibody testing of sera demonstrated titers of 1:16 for B.
burgdorferi and 1:64 for B. hermsii, and immunoblotting confirmed past exposure
to relapsing fever, but not Lyme disease. It is hypothesized that this
individual's chronic symptoms have been related to relapsing fever, and that in
certain situations or in select individuals, relapsing fever can be capable of
producing a chronic clinical picture ****ogous to Lyme disease.

LANGUAGES: Eng
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".....4 ixodid tick species are known as vectors of B. theileri........"

TITLE: Ticks and spirochetes.
AUTHORS: Hoogstraal H
SOURCE: Acta Trop 1979 Jun;36(2):133-6
CITATION IDS: PMID: 41420 UI: 80062108

ABSTRACT: The concept is expressed that Borrelia developed as symbionts of
ticks (especially Argasidae) but act as parasites in mammals and birds ...
borrelial reservoirs and amplifiers following bites by infected ticks. Certain
tick borreliae may multiply in lice but one Borrelia has evolved into a n
independent species (B. recurrentis) associated only with lice and humans.
Seven**** argasid tick species are known as vectors of Borrelia species and 4
ixodid tick species are known as vectors of B. theileri.

LANGUAGES: Eng

TITLE: Neuroborreliosis during relapsing fever: review of the clinical
manifestations, pathology, and treatment of infections in humans and
experimental animals.AUTHORS: Cadavid D; Barbour AGAUTHOR AFFILIATION:
Department of Neurology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington,
D.C. 20007, USA.SOURCE: Clin Infect Dis 1998 Jan;26(1):151-64CITATION IDS:
PMID: 9455525 UI: 98116703ABSTRACT: The spirochetal disease relapsing fever is
caused by different Borrelia species. Relapsing fever is well recognized as an
infection of the blood, but little is known about its predilection for the
nervous system and the eyes. To investigate neurological and ocular involvement
during relapsing fever, we reviewed the clinical manifestations, pathology, and
treatment of relapsing fever of humans and experimental animals. The results
indicate that Borrelia turicatae and Borrelia duttonii, the agents of
tick-borne relapsing fever in southwestern North America and sub-Saharan
Africa, respectively, cause neurological involvement as often as Borrelia
burgdorferi in Lyme disease. Evidence of this is the frequent occurrence of
lymphocytic meningitis and peripheral facial palsy in human disease; the
identification of spirochetes in the brain and other nervous tissues of humans,
animals, and arthropod vectors; and the persistence of brain infection after
treatment with antibiotics that do not readily penetrate the blood- brain
barrier.

Eng GRANT/CONTRACT ID: AI24424/AI/NIAID
_______________________________________-

TITLE: Ticks and Borrelia: model systems for investigating pathogen-arthropod
interactions.
AUTHORS: Schwan TG
AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Laboratory of Microbial Structure and Function, Rocky
Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
SOURCE: Infect Agents Dis 1996 Jun;5(3):167-81
CITATION IDS: PMID: 8805079 UI: 96398229

ABSTRACT: Blood-feeding arthropods transmit numerous types of infectious agent\0
and parasite that have a tremendous impact on human health and mortality
throughout the world. These vector-borne pathogens display a wide array of
evolutionary patterns that allow them to infect and to be successfully
transmitted by ticks, mites, and hematophagous insects. The vector's method of
feeding, type of development, and host preference are also critical factors for
the transfer of zoonotic agents from wild animal reservoirs to susceptible
humans. Ticks are obligate blood-feeders in all life stages and biologically
transmit many infectious agents. In North America, two ticks that are involved
in the maintenance and transmission of pathogenic spirochetes include Ixodes
scapularis (family Ixodidae) and Ornithodoros hermsi (family Argasidae). These
ticks are the respective vectors of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi and a relapsing fever spirochete, Borrelia hermsii. Little is known
concerning how these and related species of Borrelia adapt to successfully
alternate between warm- blooded vertebrates and ticks; however, the possibility
that borrelial surface proteins are differentially expressed in their different
hosts is an exciting area of current research.

LANGUAGES: Eng
_______________________________-

TITLE: Late relapse of tick-borne relapsing fever following treatment with
doxycycline [letter]
AUTHORS: Liles WC; Spach DH
SOURCE: West J Med 1993 Feb;158(2):200
CITATION IDS: PMID: 8434483 UI: 93166786

____________________________

TITLE: Identification of a protein in several Borrelia species which is related
to OspC of the Lyme disease spirochetes.
AUTHORS: Marconi RT; Samuels DS; Schwan TG; Garon CF
AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Laboratory of Vectors and Pathogens, Rocky Mountain
Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton,
Montana 59840.
SOURCE: J Clin Microbiol 1993 Oct;31(10):2577-83
CITATION IDS: PMID: 8253952 UI: 94075529

ABSTRACT: Using oligonucleotide probes which have previously been shown to be
specific for the ospC gene found in the Lyme disease spirochete species
Borrelia burgdorferi, B. garinii, and group VS461, we detected an ospC homolog
in other Borrelia species including B. coriaceae, B. hermsii, B. anserina, B.
turicatae, and B. parkeri. In contrast to the Lyme disease spirochetes, which
carry the ospC gene on a 26-kb circular plasmid, we mapped the gene in other
Borrelia species to linear plasmids which varied in size among the isolates
tested. Some isolates carry multiple copies of the gene residing on linear
plasmids of different sizes. The ****yses conducted here also demonstrate that
these Borrelia species contain a linear chromosome. Northern (RNA) blot
****yses demonstrated that the gene is transcriptionally expressed in all
species examined. High levels of transcriptional expression were observed in
some B. hermsii isolates. Transcriptional start site ****yses revealed that the
length of the untranslated leader sequence was identical to that observed in
the Lyme disease spirochete species. By Western blotting (immunoblotting) with
antiserum (polyclonal) raised against the OspC protein of B. burgdorferi, we
detected an immunoreactive protein of the same molecular weight as the OspC
found in Lyme disease spirochete species. The results presented here
demonstrate the presence of a protein that is genetically and antigenically
related to OspC which is expressed in all species of the genus Borrelia tested.

LANGUAGES: Eng
________________________________________________

TITLE: Antigenic variation of surface proteins of Borrelia species.
AUTHORS: Barbour AG
AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health
Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7758.
SOURCE: Rev Infect Dis 1988 Jul-Aug;10 Suppl 2:S399-402
CITATION IDS: PMID: 3055207 UI: 89043560

ABSTRACT: During relapsing fever, the etiologic spirochetes employ antigenic
variation to avoid early immune clearance. In Borrelia hermsii, an agent of
tick-borne relapsing fever, a switch in serotype is associated with a change in
the predominant protein on the surface of the cells. The variable major
proteins differ from one another in primary structure along their lengths.
Genes encoding the different variable major proteins can be found in both
"silent" and "active" environments. At the active site the gene is expressed;
at the silent site the gene appears to be in storage. In variant cells, which
express the new serotype-specific surface protein in a population, a gene from
a silent site has replaced the previously sitting gene at the active site
through transposition.

LANGUAGES: Eng GRANT/CONTRACT ID: AI 24424/AI/NIAID
__________________________________________________ ___

TITLE: Identification of an uncultivable Borrelia species in the hard tick
Amblyomma americanum: possible agent of a Lyme disease-like illness.A
AUTHORS: Barbour AG; Maupin GO; Teltow GJ; Carter CJ; Piesman J
AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health
Science Center, San Antonio 78284, USA.
SOURCE: J Infect Dis 1996 Feb;173(2):403-9
CITATION IDS: PMID: 8568302 UI: 96162099

ABSTRACT: Bites from the hard tick Amblyomma americanum are associated with a
Lyme disease-like illness in the southern United States. To identify possible
etiologic agents for this disorder, A. americanum ticks were collected in
Missouri, Texas, New Jersey, and New York and examined microscopically.
Uncultivable spirochetes were present in approximately 2% of the ticks.
Borrelia genus-specific oligonucleotides for the flagellin and 16S rRNA genes
were used for amplification of DNA. Products were obtained from ticks
containing spirochetes by microscopy but not from spirochete-negative ticks.
Sequences of partial genes from spirochetes in Texas and New Jersey ticks
differed by only 2 of 641 nucleotides for flagellin and 2 of 1336 nucleotides
for 16S rRNA. Phylogenetic ****ysis showed that the spirochete was a Borrelia
species distinct from previously characterized members of this genus, including
Borrelia burgdorferi. Gene amplification could be used to detect these
spirochetes in ticks and possible mammalian hosts.

LANGUAGES: Eng
__________________________________________________ ________

TITLE: Isolation of Borrelia spirochetes from patients in Texas.
AUTHORS: Rawlings JA; Fournier PV; Teltow GJ
SOURCE: J Clin Microbiol 1987 Jul;25(7):1148-50
CITATION IDS: PMID: 3611307 UI: 87280609

ABSTRACT: The Texas Department of Health Laboratory began culturing the Lyme
disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi in 1985. This organism was subsequently
isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, joint fluid, skin, bone, and autopsy
tissues from humans. Fluorescent-antibody tests with murine monoclonal
antibodies confirmed that seven of these isolates were B. burgdorferi and that
two others belonged to the genus Borrelia.

LANGUAGES: Eng
____________________________________________-

_________________________________________________-
TITLE: Experimental infection of the mouse brain by a relapsing fever Borrelia
species: a molecular ****ysis.
AUTHORS: Cadavid D; Bundoc V; Barbour AG
AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health
Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7758.
SOURCE: J Infect Dis 1993 Jul;168(1):143-51
CITATION IDS: PMID: 8515101 UI: 93294348

ABSTRACT: The spirochetal disease relapsing fever is notable not only for
multiphasic antigenic variation but also for central neurologic manifestations.
To further characterize involvement of the brain in this disorder,
immunocompetent and -deficient mice were infected with Borrelia hermsii.
Immunodeficient mice were treated while spirochetemic with neutralizing IgM
monoclonal antibodies to the infecting serotype. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid,
and brain tissue were examined by culture and polymerase chain reaction. In
immunocompetent mice, antigenic variation occurred in the brain as well as in
the blood. In immunodeficient mice, the infecting serotype was still present in
the brain after it had been eliminated from the blood by the administered
antibodies. These latter results cannot be accounted for by contamination of
brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid by blood and, hence, establish the direct
involvement of the central nervous system in this experimental infection.

LANGUAGES: Eng GENE SYMBOL: vmp GRANT/CONTRACT ID: AI 24424/AI/NIAID


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TITLE: Tick-borne relapsing fever: an interstate outbreak originating at Grand
Canyon National Park.
AUTHORS: Boyer KM; Munford RS; Maupin GO; Pattison CP; Fox MD; Barnes AM; Jones
WL; Maynard JE
SOURCE: Am J Epidemiol 1977 May;105(5):469-79
CITATION IDS: PMID: 871120 UI: 77179213

ABSTRACT: During the 1973 summer season, 27 employees and 35 overnight guests
at the North Rim, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, acquired febrile
illnesses compatibel with relapsing fever. Six**** cases were confirmed by
finding Borrelia spirochetes in peripheral blood smears or inoculated Swiss
mice. Retrospective surveys of 278 employees and 7247 guests at the park
revealed that acquisition of illness was significantly associated with the
persons sleeping in rustic log cabins and acquiring bites of "unknown" insects.
From rodent nesting materials found in the walls and attics of cabins where
cases had occurred, infective Ornithodoros hermsi ticks were recovered.
Exceptional activity of ticks in human populations appeared to have resulted
from a decreased population of the ticks' usual rodent hosts. Vector control
activities consisted of spraying the cabins with residual insecticide, removing
nesting materials, and "rodent proofing." This outbreak, the largest yet
identified in North America, extends the known range of a principal vector and
establishes the North Rim as an endemic source of tick-borne relapsing fever.

LANGUAGES: Eng


TITLE: Tick-borne relapsing fever in the Eastern United States.
AUTHORS: Linnemann CC Jr; Barber LC; Dine MS; Body AE
SOURCE: Am J Dis Child 1978 Jan;132(1):40-2
CITATION IDS: PMID: 623062 UI: 78100491

ABSTRACT: Tick-borne relapsing fever is endemic in the western part of the
United States, but it has not been reported east of the Mississippi River.
Sporadic cases have been reported in the eastern part of the United States, but
travel to the West during the inubation period appeared to provide the source
of infection. In the fall of 1975, a case of relapsing fever was diagnosed in
Cincinnati in a child who had not traveled outside of Ohio, indicating the
presence of Borrelia in this area. Serial serological studies indicated that B
turicatae was the species involved. The occurrence of this case suggests that
relapsing fever may exist in the eastern part of the United States, but its
presence may not be appreciated because of the rarity of the disease and the
difficulty in confirming the diagnosis.

LANGUAGES: Eng

TITLE: Tick-borne relapsing fever in British Columbia, Canada: first isolation
of Borrelia hermsii.A
AUTHORS: Banerjee SN; Banerjee M; Fernando K; Burgdorfer W; Schwan TG
AUTHOR AFFILIATION: B.C. Centre for Disease Control Society, Vector-Borne
Diseases Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4, Canada.
SOURCE: J Clin Microbiol 1998 Dec;36(12):3505-8CITATION IDS: PMID: 9817862 UI:
99036748

ABSTRACT: The spirochete that causes tick-borne relapsing fever, Borrelia
hermsii, was isolated in pure culture during 1995 and 1996 from three acutely
ill human patients infected in southern British Columbia, Canada. The
geographic area of exposure is a known focus of this disease dating back to
1930 when the first case was recognized in a human. ****yses of plasmid DNA,
protein profiles, and reactivity with a species-specific monoclonal antibody
identified the new isolates of spirochetes as B. hermsii, all of which were
most similar to an isolate of this spirochete from northern California
described previously. These are the first reported isolates of B. hermsii from
Canada.MAIN MESH HEADINGS: Borrelia/*isolation & purification
Relapsing Fever/*microbiology ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Adult
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
British Columbia
Female
Human
Male
Relapsing Fever/diagnosis PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE CAS REGISTRY
NUMBERS: 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) LANGUAGES: Eng

TITLE: Tick-borne relapsing fever in the northwestern United States and
southwestern Canada.
AUTHORS: Dworkin MS; Anderson DE Jr; Schwan TG; Shoemaker PC; Banerjee SN;
Kassen BO; Burgdorfer W
AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Section of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington
State Department of Health, Seattle, USA.
SOURCE: Clin Infect Dis 1998 Jan;26(1):122-31
CITATION IDS: PMID: 9455520 UI: 98116698

ABSTRACT: Records from 182 cases of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) were
reviewed. In confirmed cases, there was febrile illness, and spirochetes were
identified on peripheral blood preparations. In probable cases, there were
clinical features of TBRF and either the same exposure as a confirmed case or
serological (indirect fluorescent antibody test and western blotting [WB])
evidence of infection with Borrelia hermisii. Sera also were tested for
antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi. We identified 133 confirmed and 49 probable
cases of TBRF. A Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction was reported in 33 (54.1%) of 61
cases for which this information was available. Most patients who had
antibodies to B. hermsii were serologically positive for B. burgdorferi, and WB
demonstrated false positivity of testing for B. burgdorferi. Thirty-five (21%)
of 166 cases were unreported to public health authorities. In 52 cases, there
were more than two relapses before the diagnosis. This study demonstrates that
TBRF is underrecognized and underreported and may be falsely identified as Lyme
disease.
Lang: Eng.

TITLE: Population structure of the relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia hermsii
as indicated by polymorphism of two multigene families that encode immunogenic
outer surface lipoproteins.
AUTHORS: Hinnebusch BJ; Barbour AG; Restrepo BI; Schwan TG
AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
59840, USA. joe_hinnebusch@nih.gov
SOURCE: Infect Immun 1998 Feb;66(2):432-40CITATION IDS: PMID: 9453591 UI:
98114336

ABSTRACT: The tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia hermsii evades the
mammalian immune system by periodically switching expression among members of
two multigene families that encode immunogenic, antigenically distinct outer
surface proteins. The type strain, B. hermsii HS1, has at least 40 complete
genes and pseudogenes that participate in this multiphasic antigenic variation.
Originally termed vmp (for variable major protein) genes, they have been
reclassified as vsp (for variable small protein) and vlp (for variable large
protein) genes, based on size and amino acid sequence similarities. To date,
antigenic variation in B. hermsii has been studied only in the type strain,
HS1. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of 23 B. hermsii HS1 genes revealed five
distinct groups, the vsp gene family and four subfamilies of vlp genes. We used
PCR with family- and subfamily-specific primers, followed by restriction
fragment length polymorphism ****ysis, to compare the vsp and vlp repertoires
of HS1 and seven other B. hermsii isolates from Washington, Idaho, and
California. This ****ysis, together with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
genome profiles, revealed that the eight isolates formed three distinct groups,
which likely represent clonal lineages. Members of the three groups coexisted
in the same geographic area, but they could also be isolated across large
geographical distances. This population structure may result from immune
selection by the host, as has been proposed for other pathogens with
polymorphic antigens.
LANGUAGES: Eng GRANT/CONTRACT ID: AI24424/AI/NIAID

TITLE: GlpQ: an antigen for serological discrimination between relapsing fever
and Lyme borreliosis.
AUTHORS: Schwan TG; Schrumpf ME; Hinnebusch BJ; Anderson DE Jr; Konkel ME
AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Laboratory of Microbial Structure and Function, Rocky
Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA.
SOURCE: J Clin Microbiol 1996 Oct;34(10):2483-92CITATION IDS: PMID: 8880505 UI:
97034849

ABSTRACT: Tick-borne relapsing fever is caused by numerous Borrelia species
maintained in nature by Ornithodoros tick-mammal cycles. Serological
confirmation is based on either an immunofluorescence assay or an enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay using whole cells or sonicated Borrelia hermsii as the
antigen. However, antigenic variability of this bacterium's outer surface
proteins and antigens shared with the Lyme disease spirochete (B. burgdorferi),
may cause both false-negative and false-positive results when testing sera of
patients suspected to have either relapsing fever or Lyme disease. To develop a
specific serological test for relapsing fever, we created a genomic DNA library
of B. hermsii, screened transformed Escherichia coli cells for immunoreactivity
with high-titered (> or = 1:2,048) human anti-B. hermsii antiserum, and
selected an immunoreactive clone (pSPR75) expressing a 39-kDa protein. DNA
sequencing, subcloning, and serum adsorption experiments identified the
immunoreactive protein as a homolog of GlpQ, a glycerophosphodiester
phosphodiesterase identified previously in E. coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and
Bacillus subtilis. Serum samples from humans and mice infected with B. hermsii
or other species of relapsing fever spirochetes contained antibodies
recognizing GlpQ, whereas serum samples from Lyme disease and syphilis patients
were nonreactive. Serologic tests based on this antigen will identify people
exposed previously to relapsing fever spirochetes and help clarify the
distribution of relapsing fever and Lyme disease in situations in which the
occurrence of their causative agents is uncertain.

LANGUAGES: Eng SECONDARY SOURCE ID: GENBANK/U40762

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TITLE: A new Borrelia species isolated from patients with relapsing fever in
Spain [see comments]
AUTHORS: Anda P; Sanchez-Yebra W; del Mar Vitutia M; Perez Pastrana E;
Rodriguez I; Miller NS; Backenson PB; Benach JL
AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Virologia e Inmunologia
Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
SOURCE: Lancet 1996 Jul 20;348(9021):162-5
CITATION IDS: PMID: 8684157 UI: 96295298
COMMENT: Comment in: Lancet 1996 Jul 20;348(9021):141-2
Comment in: Lancet 1996 Nov 2;348(9036):1251

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Lyme disease and tick-borne relapsing fever are
worldwide systemic borrelioses caused by several Borrelia species transmitted
by hard ticks (family Ixodidae) and soft ticks (family Argasidae),
respectively. A previous seroepidemiological study of Lyme borreliosis showed
several serologically reactive patients with clinically atypical presentations,
and this discovery led to the hypothesis that some of the cases of Lyme
borreliosis had been caused by another borrelia organism. METHODS: Blood from
patients in southern Spain who had suspected Lyme disease or relapsing-fever
borreliosis was cultured before treatment began. Isolates of Borrelia spp were
inoculated into several strains of mice of different ages. The 16S rRNA and
flagellin in genes of Borrelia spp were sequenced by PCR and assessed by
phylogenetic ****yses. FINDINGS: We isolated a species of Borrelia from three
patients with relapsing fever and from Ornithodorus spp ticks in southern
Spain. This organism (refractory to in-vitro cultivation) caused a relapsing
spirochaetaemia with multiple organ involvement in laboratory mice that
recreated the human disease. Phylogenetic ****ysis showed that this organism is
a previously unrecognised species. INTERPRETATION: We have discovered a new
borrelia pathogen that is closely related to the other tick-borne agents of
relapsing fever in Europe and Africa, and which causes a relapsing systemic
disease with serological similarities to Lyme borreliosis.

LANGUAGES: Eng GRANT/CONTRACT ID:


TITLE: The spirochete Borrelia crocidurae causes erythrocyte rosetting during
relapsing fever.A
AUTHORS: Burman N; Shamaei-Tousi A; Bergstrom S
AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Microbiology, Umea University, Sweden.
SOURCE: Infect Immun 1998 Feb;66(2):815-9
CITATION IDS: PMID: 9453646 UI: 98114391

ABSTRACT: Several species of the genus Borrelia exhibit antigenic variation of
variable major proteins on their surface during relapsing fever. We have
investigated the African relapsing fever species Borrelia crocidurae during
infections in mice and compared it with the thoroughly studied North American
species Borrelia hermsii. A major difference between the two species is that B.
crocidurae can bind and become completely covered with erythrocytes. In
addition, B. crocidurae causes a prolonged spirochetemia which coincides with a
delayed appearance of antiborrelial antibodies. We show that the antibody
response against an unrelated antigen is not delayed and that antibiotic
treatment, which dissociates rosettes and inhibits the spirochetes, also leads
to an early antibody response. Taken together, the erythrocyte aggregation and
prolonged spirochetemia hint at a new mode of immune evasion where
erythrocyte-covered spirochetes may avoid contact with the phagocytic cells and
B cells of the immune system, thereby delaying the onset of a specific immune
response.

LANGUAGES: Eng

TITLE: Tick-borne relapsing fever in a premature infant.
AUTHORS: Brasseur D
SOURCE: Ann Trop Paediatr 1985 Sep;5(3):161-2
CITATION IDS: PMID: 2415056 UI: 86049284

ABSTRACT: Relapsing fever is caused by the Borrelia species of spirochetes.
Louse- born epidemics of the disease may occur but the endemic disease is
usually transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick (Ornithodorus).
Transplacental infection was suggested more than 75 years ago (1) but has been
rarely do***ented (2). We describe a case of neonatal relapsing fever where
maternal infection was the probable cause of the premature delivery and
infection in the infant.

LANGUAGES: Eng

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TITLE: Relapsing fever and its serological discrimination from Lyme
borreliosis.AUTHORS: Rath PM; Rogler G; Schonberg A; Pohle HD; Fehrenbach
FJAUTHOR AFFILIATION: Abt. fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitatsklinikum
Rudolf Virchow, Germany.SOURCE: Infection 1992 Sep-Oct;20(5):283-6CITATION IDS:
PMID: 1385332 UI: 93052805ABSTRACT: Patients with Borrelia-caused relapsing
fever produce cross-reacting antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, the
anti-genetically related causative agent of Lyme borreliosis. The antibody
response of the serum of a patient (acute and convalescent) with relapsing
fever was ****ysed by the immunoblot technique using Borrelia hermsii and B.
burgdorferi as antigens. The diagnosis was established by microscopic detection
of spirochetes in the patient's blood. The patient's serum showed significantly
elevated titers of IgG and IgM in a B. burgdorferi indirect immunofluorescence
assay. Immunoblot ****ysis indicated the presence of cross-reacting antibodies
directed to B. burgdorferi antigens with apparent molecular weights of 60, 41,
40, 36, 30 and 20 kDa.

LANGUAGES: Eng

TITLE: Tick-borne relapsing fever in the Pacific Northwest: an underdiagnosed
illness?
AUTHORS: Fihn S; Larson EB
SOURCE: West J Med 1980 Sep;133(3):203-9
CITATION IDS: PMID: 7415171 UI: 81017090

TITLE: Outbreak of tick-borne relapsing fever in Spokane County, Washington.
AUTHORS: Thompson RS, et al.
SOURCE: JAMA. 1969 Nov 10;210(6):1045-50.
No abstract available.
CIT. IDS: PMID: 5394422 UI: 70004012