Newbie question about milk. (carbohydrates cholesterol atherosclerosis weight bile)
Influence of type of carbohydrate on atherosclerosis in baboons fed
semipurified diets plus 0.1% cholesterol
D Kritchevsky, LM Davidson, HK Kim, DA Krendel, S Malhotra, D
Mendelsohn, JJ van der Watt, JP duPlessis and PA Winter
Five groups of six (three male, three female) baboons (Papio ursinus)
were maintained for 17 months on a semipurified diet containing 40%
carbohydrate, 25% casein, 13.9% coconut oil, 0.1% cholesterol, 15%
cellulose, 5% salt mix (USP XIV) and 1% vitamin mix. The carbohydrates
fed were: fructose, sucrose, starch, glucose, and lactose. A fifth
group was used as control and was fed bread, fruit, and vegetables.
Serum, liver, and tissue lipids were ****yzed at the end of the
feeding period as were cholesterol absorption (as 3H-cholesterol) and
synthesis (from 14C-mevalonic acid). Serum cholesterol and
beta-lipoprotein levels were elevated in all the test groups compared
to final control levels or to starting levels for all the baboons.
Average serum cholesterol levels of the test groups were not
significantly different. Liver lipids were elevated in all test groups
except that fed glucose. Baboons on the test diets absorbed more
exogenous cholesterol (3H) but biosynthesis of this sterol was not
inhibited. The ratio of biliary primary/secondary bile acids was below
normal levels only in the animals fed fructose and sucrose.
Cholesteryl ester fatty acid spectra of serum and liver reflected the
dietary fat. Fecal weight was 69% higher in lactose fed animals and
31% lower in sucrose fed animals than in the controls. The ratio of
endogenous or exogenous neutral/acid steroids was considerably lower
in the fructose-fed baboons than in the other animals. On this diet
average aortic sudanophilia (percentage of surface) was: fructose,
11.3; sucrose, 10.4; starch, 21.3; glucose, 17.2 lactose, 65.8; and
control, 1.4. Gross atheromatous lesions were seen in five of six
baboons fed lactose; three of six baboons fed fructose; two of six
baboons fed sucrose, and one of six baboons fed starch. In a second
experiment three groups of baboons were fed the control diet, the
semipurified diet in which the carbohydrate was lactose, and the
semipurified diet containing lactose plus 0.1% cholesterol for 8.5
months. Serum lipids were elevated in the two test groups but liver
lipids were not significantly different from control levels. Average
aortic sudanophilia (percentage of area) was: lactose, 2.2;
lactose-cholesterol, 20.8; and control, 0.3%. One of the six baboons
in the lactose-cholesterol group had visible atherosclerotic lesions.
These experiments represent the first successful attempt to produce
severe atherosclerosis in baboons by dietary means alone.
My Note: Coconut oil which is highly saturated didn't seem to be a
significant factor in creating atherosclerosis.
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