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4
3rd July 11:13
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because
people eat meat? << Prove your mettle .. earn your keep .. you tell .. US .. I'll give you a couple of .. hints .. you seem to need all the help you can .. get .. ? Iron overload / hemochromatosis is CALLED erythrocytosis / one and the same / "category of erythrocytosis". Erythrocytosis is ALWAYS **accompanied** BY .. **hyperviscosity** / thick blood. Erythrocytosis / thick blood / iron overload / hemochromatosis leads to .. "paralysis,degenerative processes in liver and kidney,vascular permeability, chronic progressive inflammation, hemosiderin deposition, general vasodilatation,severe nerve fiber degeneration of the sciatic nerve, decreased number of neuromuscular junctions, and degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers,demyelinating neuropathy,muscular degeneration,multiple organ degeneration,reduced life expectancy" Soooo .. WHAT causes the .. problems IN these animals .. ? Is it the thick blood .. is it the iron .. is it the epo .. ? Which .. one .. ? all of them .. ? When you figure it out .. place the answer .. here .. [_______________] I won't bother to wait .. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291: R947-R956, 2006. First published May 11, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00152.2006 Excessive erythrocytosis in adult mice overexpressing erythropoietin leads to hepatic, renal, neuronal, and muscular degeneration Katja Heinicke,1,2 Oliver Baum,3 Omolara O. Ogunshola,1 Johannes Vogel, 1 Thomas Stallmach,4 David P. Wolfer,5 Stephan Keller,1 Klaus Weber,6 Peter D. Wagner,2 Max Gassmann,1 and Valentin Djonov3 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), 4Department of Pathology, and 5Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich; 3Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Berne; 6RCC Ltd, Itingen, Switzerland; and 2Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California Submitted 6 March 2006 ; accepted in final form 8 May 2006 To investigate the consequences of inborn excessive erythrocytosis, we made use of our transgenic mouse line (tg6) that constitutively overexpresses erythropoietin (Epo) in a hypoxia-independent manner, thereby reaching hematocrit levels of up to 0.89. We detected expression of human Epo in the brain and, to a lesser extent, in the lung but not in the heart, kidney, or liver of tg6 mice. Although no acute cardiovascular complications are observed, tg6 animals have a reduced lifespan. Decreased swim performance was observed in 5-mo-old tg6 mice. At about 7 mo, several tg6 animals developed spastic contractions of the hindlimbs followed by paralysis. Morphological ****ysis by light and electron microscopy showed degenerative processes in liver and kidney characterized by increased vascular permeability, chronic progressive inflammation, hemosiderin deposition, and general vasodilatation. Moreover, most of the animals showed severe nerve fiber degeneration of the sciatic nerve, decreased number of neuromuscular junctions, and degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers. Most probably, the developing demyelinating neuropathy resulted in muscular degeneration demonstrated in the extensor digitorum longus muscle. Taken together, chronically increased Epo levels inducing excessive erythrocytosis leads to multiple organ degeneration and reduced life expectancy. This model allows investigation of the impact of excessive erythrocytosis in individuals suffering from polycythemia vera, chronic mountain sickness, or in subjects tempted to abuse Epo by means of gene doping. chronic mountain sickness; erythropoietin doping; neurodegeneration; neuromuscular junctions; polycythemia; vascular permeability -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: V. Djonov, Institute of Anatomy, Univ. of Berne, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH-3009 Berne 9/Switzerland (e-mail: djonov@ana.unibe.ch) Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk |
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