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Jefferson believed that the three branches of government were equal in the
sense that each had the right to rule on the constitutionality of issues:
"Each department (i.e., legislative, judicial, executive) is truly
independent of the others, and has an equal right to decide for itself what
is the meaning of the constitution in the cases submitted to its action".
Both quotes are from Jefferson's "writings", specifically a letter to Judge
Roane in 1819.
Ultimately, Jefferson was someone who valued the legislature above the other
two branches of government (in a 'first among equals' sense, as the branch
most organically linked to the people), and as he grew older to an extent
rued what he perceived as usurpations of power by the executive and the
judiciary (in the form of the Marshall Court's assertions of the primacy of
judicial review).
Which is somewhat ironic, since many trace the greatest initial expansion of
executive power to Jefferson's own decision as President to buy the
Louisiana territory from France (clearly unauthorized by congress or the
constitution when he did it), and also because the legislature (congress)
*is* the most powerful branch of government. By itself, Congress can remove
the President from office, or the entire Supreme Court from office, can
override executive vetoes and (with state legislatures) amend the
constitution, etc.
--
"if federal judges have the final word over its meaning,
the Constitution would be a mere thing of wax in the hands
of the judiciary, which they may twist and shape into any form
they please".
- Thomas Jefferson
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